![]() ![]() As we discuss, a functionalist understanding of trait covariation as arising through functionalist or process variables has implications for many basic issues in personality psychology, such as how personality traits should be measured, mechanisms for personality stability and change, and the nature of personality traits more generally. Our task in this chapter is unique and thus extraordinarily challenging. We also illustrate how this understanding of trait covariation provides a somewhat novel explanation of why some traits are uncorrelated. Homelessness is a complex social problem with a variety of underlying economic and social factors such as poverty, lack of affordable housing, uncertain physical and mental health, addictions, and community and family breakdown. Functional types of space were correlated to homelessness presence according to three space characteristics: property type,physial structure and state of use. Without a job they can’t afford to rent a place to live, and with a shortage of social and affordable. Then the individual’s marriage ends (personal) and they have to leave the family home. Many of these, such as positive interpersonal expectancies, self-regulatory skills, and preference for order, relate similarly to a broad range of trait perceptions in both studies, and across both self-and peer-reports. An example of how homelessness is caused can look like this: Recession (structural) impacts employment in the country and an individual loses their job. In 2 empirical illustrations, we identify a wide array of specific process variables associated with several Big Five-related behavioral traits simultaneously, and which are thus likely sources of their covariation. This study examines the impacts of structural violence on women and how this can influence their trajectory into and their sustainable exits from homelessness. ![]() Specifically, the expected covariation between 2 behavioral traits should be increased when a specific process variable tends to indicate the functionality of both traits simultaneously. Here, we detail how trait covariation can alternatively be understood as arising from units common to functionalist and process frameworks, such as self-efficacies, expectancies, values, and goals. Factors identified in investigations of trait structure (eg, the Big Five) are sometimes understood as explanations or sources of the covariation of distinct behavioral traits, as when extraversion is suggested to underlie the covariation of assertiveness and sociability.
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